Right hemicolectomy

 The operation is called a right hemicolectomy.the operation involves making an incision or cut in your abdomen.and removing the right side of the colon containing the cancer.surgery can be done laparoscopic keyhole the surgical technique.

Epidemiology

Overall,the life time risk of developing colorectal cancer is about 1 in 23 for men and 1 in 26 for women.however, each person risk might be higher or lower than this depending on their risk factors for colorectal cancer.

The majority of colorectal cancer occur in people older than 50. For colon cancer, the average age at the time of diagnosis for men is 68 and for women 72.

Risk factors

• Lack of regular physical activity
• A diet low in fruit and vegetable
• A low- fibre and high -fat diet,or diet high in processed meats
• Overweight and obesity
• Alcohol consumption
• Tobacco use

Pathophysiology

Right hemicolectomy involves the division of the ileocolic and right colic arteries as they branch from the superior mesenteric artery.the marginal artery of Drummond is also divided.in a formal left hemicolectomy to treat descending or sigmoid colon tumors, the inferior mesenteric artery is divided.

It's estimated that up to 80 of all sporadic CRC is due to chromosomal instability, characterized by mutational activation of oncogenes( KRAS) and the loss of tumor suppressor gene activity.

Sign and symptoms

The symptoms of right -sided colon cancer can include blood in the stool, anemia, and weight loss.in cases where the cancer is close to the cecum,the first symptoms often anemia from chronic blood loss.

Clinical features

Abdominal symptoms such as pain , bloating or rectal bleeding are often signs of an abnormal process in the left side of your colon . right -sided colon cancer tend to be asymptomatic or cause these symptoms only when they are at an advanced stage and fairly large.

Diagnosis

Usually if a suspected colorectal cancer is found by any screening or diagnosis test,it is  biopsied during a colonoscopy.in a biopsy, the doctor removes a small piece of tissue with a special instrument passed through the scope.

Treatment

Treatment usually involves surgical removal of the tumor followed by adjuvant chemotherapy.a clinical trial may also an option.the duration of adjuvant therapy depends on the risk of recurrence.the most common treatment for early stage colon cancer is surgery.